What Should We opt For - Private Currencies Or Central Bank- Promoted Digital Currencies?
Crypto currencies have generated a lot of debate because of their
storage value and being used as an asset class. It is a borderline case where
it is not illegal to hold crypto currencies, but
but there is a lot of anxiety that the
Government is contemplating banning them. Reserve Bank of India has shown its
reservation on the use of crypto currencies. The Supreme Court has not taken
any position as such other than asking the Government to draft laws and make
its stand clear on the regulatory side.
The basic purpose of currencies/money is to facilitate transactions and
help in exchange for value. But currently, crypto currencies are not being used
as a medium of exchange or for transactions but are seen as an asset class
having storage value. This is because of the regulatory gaps at present. Recent
developments show that the time has come to fill up this gap as soon as
possible.
In 2019, the Government came out with a bill
banning crypto currencies, but the Bill did not see the light of the day and
got lapsed, leading to further uncertainty and lack of clarity on the subject.
RBI also came out with a circular on April 6, 2018, forbidding banks from entertaining customers having exposure and dealing in crypto currencies.... This circular was quashed by Supreme Court in its judgment on Internet and Mobile Association of India verses RBI on March 4, 2020, citing, lack of legislation and laws on these currencies, noting that in the absence of any legislation, the RBI cannot impose disproportionate restrictions, like banning buying and selling of crypto currencies. The RBI then officially withdrew the said circular .
while cautioning banks to deal with any kind of exposure with these currencies....
Finance Minister Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman when asked a question on the government stand on the status of crypto currencies, said that “I can only give you this clue that, we are not closing our minds, we are looking at ways in which experiments can happen in the digital world and crypto currencies”, she further added that, “there will be calibrated position taken”.
The Government’s initial plan was to ban private crypto assets while
promoting block chain – a secure database technology that can revolutionize
international transactions and are the backbone of virtual currencies. Digital
currencies across the world are making inroads into financial transactions
because of their ease and secured nature. But global central banks, including
RBI, vary illegal money getting into the system. with no central bank’s control
on financial flows due to lack of one central entity and use of decentralized
distributed ledger technology (DLT).
The decentralized database leads to more and more disintermediation, which is cost-effective.